Friday, December 27, 2019

Springfield, Ohio

East Main Street

As the National Road (US 40) winds its way west from Columbus, the next major population center is Springfield, Ohio in a rather flat region of the state. The home of the Shawnee prior to the American Revolutionary War, the city was a hub of manufacturing with several automobile companies located in the city in the early twentieth century. As manufacturing jobs disappeared, the city suffered a substantial population drop as well, losing a quarter of its population since 1960.

Today, US40 is lined with shops selling CBD oil, tattoo parlors and instant loan store fronts. An abandoned house, with a front picture window broken out and the rest bordered up, had sleeping bag, pillow, and assorted clothes strewn on a side porch. The porch devoid of its paint.
Former manufacturing office on Murray Street
A bowling alley, a place of entertainment and communal exchange in the bygone era of manufacturing, had a sign that indicated it was opened Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays; but it was not. Several flyers were scattered on the stoop, and the derelict doors told a different story.
Nevertheless, the mood of the town is defiant according to signs and advertisements. Many express an impatience with a new economy. A dilapidated duplex on a side street had a wooden sign, usually made a local fairs and artisan shows, that simply read: “The Lord is My Shepherd”.


Thursday, December 19, 2019

Tiger on the CVRT


A new house was built just adjacent to the Cumberland Valley Rail Trail, just east of Ott Road, in the past year or so. Beginning in the spring, I have begun to see more cats in the proximity of the house. To date, I have identified at least six different cats. I assume that they are barn cats; as I walk by most of them are visible, but remain close to the tree line so that, in case I am more dangerous than I look, they can make an easy escape. That is true for all but one of the cats.
Tiger from the CVRT
Tiger, my name for him because he has never managed to tell me his real name, nor have I ever met any of his associated humans, is a friendly fellow. He is predominately white on his legs and belly, with an orange, almost golden, coat across is back. Tiger has a funny face with an orange path around his nose and mouth, that I refer to as his van dyke beard. From the very first time we crossed paths, he has wanted to run up aside me, tucks his head down and rolls on to the grounds just out of reach. If I squat to greet him, he pops up and rubs against my legs, in the process asking for a head scratch. If I remain standing, he is a little intimidated, but he remains interested in greeting me. His soft meow lets me know that he is around, even if I do not immediately see him.
On the hottest days of the summer, and now the coldest days of winter, Tiger is always happy to see me. I suspect, however, I am probably not the only one. Tiger, me thinks, is partial to all humans that are willing to spend a little time with him. Maybe, one day, he hopes, I will bring food because of his hard work in getting acquainted with me. His companions watch warily as Tiger and I have our normal conversations, consisting primarily of, “you’re a good cat,” meow. “Okay, I am going to go now.” Meow.
On a walk in mid-December, the coldest day of the season thus far, I was nearing the valley of the cats as I now think of this part of the trail. As I approach, I keep an eye out for the cats. Nearby a wooded area is usually filled with several birds. I stopped for a moment and watched juncos, sparrows, wrens and a downy woodpecker flit from tree to tree. Soon, I saw two feline figures in the distance and thought to myself that the birds should take care because the half a dozen cats could wreak havoc on their community.
The much sought after head rub
Before too long, I see Tiger, tail up in a slight question mark pose, with a soft meow to greet me. I bent over to rub his head as he rolled on his back from side to side. He gets up and stares at me, his eyes begging for more attention. I laugh at him because in his fur are several pieces of dry leaves that has created a new layer of leopard spots. Despite me telling him that it is cold, the wind chill was in the single digits, and he should get into a barn or other shelter, Tiger is determined to follow. I happened to glance up to see a sharp-shinned hawk in a nearby tree. I reached for my camera, but the raptor flew across the fallow cornfield before the camera focused. I wandered down the path, lost in my thoughts: just a few minutes before the birds were in trouble because of the cats. But my perspective had changed. There had been kittens in the valley of the cats during the summer. Was it in the realm of possibility that the cats were endangered by this bird? Tiger and his companions face a myriad of other dangers because they are free-range cats I decided; the hawk is probably the least of their concerns.
I had once again regained my normal stride but continued thinking about Tiger and potential dangers. I smile because Tiger is trying to make believe that he would like for me to be his human; however, I know this is likely a scam – he probably says that to all the humans just to get some treats. Nevertheless, I should put some cat treats and food in the car so that when I am walking in this area…just then I heard a soft pathetic Meow. Tiger is about ten yards behind, his squat legs moving as fast as they can carry him. We are more than a quarter of a mile from our meeting place. I bent over and gently chided him for following me, all the while giving him another head scratch. Maybe I am wrong. Perhaps I am the only human who spends some extra and special time with him. After all, he is a free-range cat.


Crier
In between semesters I can walk the CVRT more frequently and manage to cover more of the trail. Within a few days, I found myself back at the valley of the cats. As I walked the slight rise from Ott Road, I began to scan the trail ahead for signs of cats. Off in the distance, I spied a couple of felines walking adjacent to the path in the distance, but soon, just off to my left, I heard the familiar beckoning of Crier, the name I have given to a timid grey cat. Crier’s meow is more of a lamentable wailing. His cry is a pitiful call for attention, yet it is somehow muted, almost difficult to hear. As I talked to Crier, two other cats (Turtle and a black and white, there are several) creeped up behind me just out of reach but curious. Crier is skittish and any move toward him results in a dash away for a few feet. Yet, he/she continues to cry. I squatted down on the other side of the path and spoke gently to Crier, who sat serenely but then let out another pitiful howl. Food would probably help my cause I thought.
I walked toward Oakville and was a little disappointed that I did not see Tiger. Although I occasionally fear for his safety, I know that he was probably off doing what free-range cats do and I would see him later. It was rather late; I would soon begin to lose the light.
A house in Oakville, at the intersection of Mudlevel Road and Oakville Road, is a cat haven. For several years, the occupants of the house have fed a brood of outdoor cats. It is not uncommon to see up to a dozen cats inconspicuously sleeping on the porch, and in the bushes. Paper plates are strewn around the outside of the house with the remnants of wet cat food. Once when I was walking by, I met the man who lived there and complementarily mention his care for the cats. He replied that I was welcome to take any cat that I wanted, they all needed good homes.
The house across the street always decorates for holidays. Christmastime always brings old-fashioned plastic figures of Santa, Frosty, and the reindeers. I always admire the manager scene, with paint peeling from the plastic figures. I speculate how old they must be: are they fifty years old? There was a time when several houses would have had these plastic figures with long extension cords endeavoring to power the displays. Today, they have been replaced by LED displays, projections, and deflated airblown inflatable characters.
On my return trip, I noticed the fog hanging low across the valley about an hour and a half before sunset. After I greeted two grandmothers, speaking Pennsylvanian Dutch, pushing a baby in a stroller, I heard a persistent familiar greeting meow, as Tiger came running from the tree line to greet me. I knelt and Tiger flopped down to be petted. He was more than half a mile from his normal location. I asked if he wanted to follow me back toward his home and the other cats, but he was content to lie in the middle of the trail and gently roll back and forth on his back. He seemed to be telling me, I am good, I’ll catch you next time.




Saturday, December 7, 2019

Guerra’s Krazy Taco (Springfield, OH)


Tucked on a side street of the post-industrial city of Springfield, Ohio, Guerra’s appears to be little more than a typical neighborhood bar with a cool mural painted along the side of the building. But upon entering, the assault of bright colors and delicious smells stands in stark contrast to the drab and dreariness of the city’s decaying center. An interesting selection of beers on tap supplement a wide variety of tacos, including shrimp verde and a fish taco made with salmon.
On a Friday evening, people began to file into the rather cramped dining area shortly after 5PM, often sharing tables when there were not enough chairs. A line at the bar, to order both tacos and drinks, moved efficiently and quickly. Patrons are trusted to pick up their own water and soft drinks from a nearby refrigerator. Servers navigated the tables and chair to deliver tacos and appetizers. The mood was festive and loud, virtually no one paid attention to the sports that were carried on multiple televisions screens.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Cats in Our Midst - Barn Cats


On my walk on the Cumberland Valley Rail Trail, I have met a group of barn cats near Ott Road over the last few months. An expectant mother cats was especially friendly during the summer. But on a mid-November Friday afternoon, two different cats carefully watched me as I walked by, while a third lurked in the underbrush several feet further away. The tortoise shell lingered, hiding behind some bushes; a blank-and-white shorthair was a little braver and stood on a large boulder eyeing me keenly. I squatted in a catcher’s stance for a couple of minutes to see if either were brave enough to come to me. A downy woodpecker tapped out a steady rhythm on a nearby tree, while a blue jay cried in alarm overhead. Both cats waited patiently as I remained quiet and watched. The black-and-white felt comfortable enough to lie down and begin to doze. Both were probably expecting something to eat, and I contemplated whether I should bring a small bag of cat food the next time I walk this section of the trail.



Saturday, November 9, 2019

Cats in Our Midst - Shop Cats

Miss Kitty

In Shepherdstown, West Virginia, Miss Kitty oversees an eclectic shop called Creative Distractions and Whimsical Necessities. We met her human on the street, shortly after the shop opened, and found out that Miss Kitty loves to pose for visitors; however, refuses to sit still for any photographs by the owner of the shop. Despite knowing that her food comes from her human, I think that Miss Kitty appreciates that the money for that food is based on the customers visiting the shop. 


Dr. Pickles has one of the best lives a feline can have. He is the shop cat for The Book Trader, a used bookstore in Philadelphia. The bookstore, open since 1975, inhabits a building in the Old City section of the city not far from the river. In addition to having access to a shop with narrow aisle constructed of shelves stuffed with books, videos and movies that offer ample hideaways for a nap, it also is good place to meet sedate humans interested in browsing the shelves. I wondered if there was a side job of controlling the mouse population in the building, but Dr. Pickles was not saying. Recently, the bookstore has begun printing cards of the cats available for purchase. I suspect that the endeavor helps to support feline employee’s food supply; so, of course, I purchased one. 
Dr. Pickles showing me where his food is kept (just in case)

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Roddy Road Covered Bridge




Located outside Thurmont, Maryland, the original bridge was built in 1856; however, it was damaged by an oversize truck in 2016. The bridge was deconstructed, and it was determined that the timbers were insufficient for reuse. Instead, a replica bridge built on the same parameters was erected in 2017. The bridge crosses Roddy Creek approximately half a mile from US Route 15.



Monday, August 26, 2019

C&O Canal Mid-Summer 2019

Towpath between MM124-25
The last time I was on this section of the towpath, a thin layer of ice covered the bridge at Lock 52; today, the temperature starts at a humid 80°F. Walking on Independence Day Eve, the temperature will gradually climb over the next few hours. I think of July as mid-summer, but in reality, the season began just a couple of weeks before. Walking the towpath this time of year means hot temperatures, high humidity, and an increasing number of pesky insects. News from around the world, however, suggests that the weather could be worse. Just the day before, France experienced its highest ever recorded temperature, 114°F. It is difficult to imagine walking in heat like that, but I given that most homes in France do not have air conditioning just simply surviving must be a chore.

The walks along the Potomac always provide an opportunity to observe wildlife, but the excitement the night before was in my backyard. We chanced to see a fox, eating apples from our tree. It was a sweet looking animal, but I feared that the many rabbits that inhabit our lawn were to be the second course. Despite our encouragement, none of the cats spotted the visitor. The fox stayed long enough for me to take some choice photographs before sauntering off toward the railroad tracks. To our knowledge, no rabbits were harmed.

Bowles House 
Shortly after walking from the Bowles House, a late 18th-century house that serves as an information center, located near the Tonoloway Aqueduct, I met a woman with an excitable border-collie mix. “I have that same shirt,” referring to my rails-to-trail conservancy gratis t-shirt. After admiring and petting her dog for a minute or two, she asked it I had been in the area before. I noted that that I had, but only briefly. She recommended Buddy Lou’s in Hancock for lunch, where “they do food really well.” I said that I would stop by on my way back.




Hancock, Maryland
Hancock, a town of 1500 people, is located at the northern most point of the Potomac River. As a traditional transportation hub, the town features prominently in an oddity of geography and state borders. At this point the width of Maryland is extremely narrow; the distance between West Virginia and Pennsylvania is less than two miles. The towpath runs parallel to the main thoroughfare, Main Street. A steel bridge crosses to canal to allow hikers and cyclists to access the little town. Resisting the temptation to explore Hancock and keep walking, even though a flock of Canada Geese seemed to form a barricade to prevent me going forward. As I skirted the flock, geese were hissing at me, seemingly sticking their tongues out in defiance. 


Once I leave the outskirts of Hancock, it becomes a rather solitary walk. I meet three park employees removing down a downed tree that had fallen across the path. I hear a train that is close enough that in the winter I would be likely to see. Walking two miles upstream from US522 my only companions are rabbits and birds. Thinking about a man working the canal 150 years ago what must his thoughts have been? Without hesitation he must have been concerned about his family, friends and loved ones. His future his destiny probably weighed on his mind. There was no radio or iPod to distract him. Just the rhythm of his pace. Would he have confided in his mule? If so, the animal was likely too busy to respond.
Tree trunk: regeneration 

Red metal tags nailed into trees, but I cannot help but notice that most of the trees are dead or dying.

On my return trip I stopped for lunch at Buddy Lou’s in Hancock, as recommended by the woman I met earlier that morning. I ordered a chile-rubbed tuna sandwich with apple-jalapeno coleslaw. The restaurant is popular not only with local residents but with those who are traveling along the canal as well. My sandwich was incredible, and I decided that I should bring Angie to Hancock to see the area and have lunch. One of her favorite dishes, lobster rolls, which are relatively uncommon in our area, figures prominently on the menu as well.

In the men’s restroom at Buddy Lou’s there is a photograph of a child being rescued from a house in Hancock dated 3 April 1937. My grandfather had manned boats helping rescue people and delivering supplies during the flood in Louisville that same year. He often talked about navigating the streets of the city just months before he married my grandmother. As a child, 3 April had a different meaning: it was the day that tornadoes ripped through Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio.


After lunch I felt refreshed, but my legs did not. I trudged the remaining mile back to Bowles House where the car was parked. 

In between walks I made a trip to Massachusetts. While there I had breakfast with my old friend and colleague, John. During our conversations over the years it has become increasingly common to discuss our physical activities and limitations. He told me that he increasingly concerned about falling. His wife Alli told him that when older people fell thy never full recovered. Although I most definitely do not think of myself as older, I take his point that a substantial injury could be life-altering. I take so much joy in walking that the prospect of an injury that might seriously diminish my capacity to walk is disturbing.

A few weeks later, we were visiting Angie’s family in the Finger Lakes region of New York. While I generally associate the Finger Lakes with cooler summer weather than Pennsylvania, the sun was particularly oppressive as we walked along the southern edge of Lake Owasco. Cody, the silly dog he is, remains fearful of water. Once, when he was a puppy, he and I were walking one late afternoon in winter. The temperature was in the 20s and, being silly, he ran up to a bridge to indicate his preferred path. It was in the opposite direction of where we were going. I called him back and told him we were not going over the bridge. Although dogs have limited facial expressions, I detected a mischievous look on his face, and he sprinted toward the bridge. He turned to look over his shoulder just as he slipped between the railroad ties of the bridge and fell into the creek a few feet below. I could not help but laugh. The look on his face when he realized that he was about to fall is ingrained in my memory. I often describe it as if it were a cartoon, like when the coyote runs over the edge of the cliff before gravity take hold. Although the water was cold, Cody was none the worse for wear. To this day, however, Cody is leery of bridges and bodies of water, presumably worried about falling in.

On this hot day, though, I was trying to coax Cody into drinking some water from the lake. I pointed out the other dogs, much more diminutive in size, who were taking a cool drink from the lank to no avail. O reach to get some water in my hands from the lake, stepped on a slippery rock, and began to fall backwards with my legs in the lake. There was that moment of realization that I was going to fall into the lake. I reached back to catch myself with my right hand and heard John’s voice in my head, “…never fully recover…” Although I sprained my right index finger pretty badly, after about six weeks it seemed as if I had recovered.

The family vacation in Central New York, a trip in which the three cats came along, with all the joys and challenges that come with it, afforded me an opportunity to walk on different trails and explore. Despite my misgivings, all three cats did very well and the five-hour trip each way passed without incident. Over the past year and a half, they have become integrated into our lives. I find myself endlessly removing cat fur from my socks because, for some reason, it tends to ball up on the heels. It is often the case that I find a strand or two of fur floating in my coffee in the morning as well. These are inconveniences, but it is difficult to imagine a life without cats.

As I was driving to the canal, I saw a barred owl as roadkill on Interstate I-81. Interstates are corridors of no-go zones for wildlife and pedestrians alike. I am amazed by how many dead animals line the sides of interstates. While there far fewer people killed on the interstate, roads create a no-go zone for pedestrians as well. We are a society that values travel by automobiles over travel by foot.

When I tell people that I am a political scientist, the standard reaction is that it must be interesting to teach the subject in current circumstances. I have always found political science, if not politics, interesting. But in the current state of media and politics, I find the current discourse tiresome. The news and podcasts are too argumentative to consider on a tranquil morning that promised to be hot. Instead my soundtrack for the drive was The New Jazz Orchestra’s Le Dejeuner sur l’Herbe.

The Potomac at Cohill Station
My walks are beginning to take me to more remote parts of Maryland. I exit the Interstate I-70 at the western most interchange in Maryland, before it creeps north into Pennsylvania and onto its terminus in Colorado. I accessed the towpath at Cohill Station, a remote access point, to walk downstream to where I had left off a couple of weeks before. It is secluded place to start with; it was already 81 degrees as I started according to my car thermometer. Frogs and an Eastern Swallowtail greet me at the river’s shore. The cicadas of late summer have begun since my last walk, portending a seasonal change. But at this point it is still very hot.

At the Leopards Mill Hiker-Biker camp, I saw three bikes leaning against trees; the picnic table had a tablecloth, but no people could be found. 











For a mile and a half stretch prior to mm130, the canal is intact and full of stagnant water. Turtles, of all sizes, crowd onto available logs, and swarms of mosquitoes buzzing around my face. In Sunday school, a popular song was, “God Sees the Little Sparrow Fall,” a song that explains to children that if God loves little creatures like the birds, then he must love us too. I love animals as well. On the backroads that get me to the canal, I do my best to avoid butterflies lapping up the moisture from the road in the morning. But the mosquito? It is hard not to instinctively kill the pest. I recently smashed a mosquito on my dashboard and drove twenty miles occasionally glancing at the mangled carcass at intervals. He sees the little sparrow; does he see the lowly mosquito too? Mosquitoes are particularly dangerous to humans. Security, in the modern world, often focuses on the military, guns and borders. But it is estimated that of all the humans who have ever lived, half of their deaths have been caused by mosquitoes. In the nineteenth century, mosquitoes along the towpath would have been a nuisance and a danger. My modern bug spray would have been an inconceivable luxury for those who worked the canal.

Devil's Eyebrow
Near Round Top, a noticeable hill that juts up from the landscape near the river, the ruins of an old cement mill are visible from the trail. The Round Top Cement Company was one of the most prominent companies of Washington County during the nineteenth century. The mill experienced several fires, including one in 1909 that permanently put an end to the business. Nearby are unique geological formations in the side of the hill, including the one known as Devils Eyebrow at 127.2. I like the imagination it took to create interesting monikers invoking evil spirits; there seems to have been many sites that elicited the images of the devil’s doing in the century the canal’s construction. I was too busy admiring the Eyebrow to notice a doe and her fawn stealthily trotting down the towpath, about fifty yards ahead, trying to escape my attention.

I was deep in contemplation when a train on the other side of the river interrupted my thoughts. It reminded me of an incident a couple of days before while walking on the Appalachian Trail with my brother and nephew. Christian was trying to get Liam to appreciate the tranquility of nature by asking him what he heard. Liam, annoyed with the question, replied “birds.” Christian asked if he heard the airplane flying overhead. My brother’s point was right, the sound of airplanes blends into our everyday lives that we cease to notice. Christian tried to explain that it did not take too long to get away from the sounds of everyday life before surrounded by nature. Liam was more interested in getting the walk done, so that he could get back to the house and resume playing whiffle ball and tossing the football.


Northern Rat Snake
On this day nature seemed to overshadow the modern world. After turning around at MM127, walking back to my car at Cohill Station, my mind was wandering in several different directions. I was not paying as much attention to my surroundings, but instead decompressing from a busy month of travel and work. But before I left the towpath it revealed more wildlife.  Within a mile of my destination I saw what appeared to be a dried pod from a northern catalpa tree, laying across the trail. By this time in my walk I was hot and tired; I was more driven to finish my walk than to observe interesting features. But for some reason, I looked at the pod carefully. Although it did not move, the pod turn out to be a northern rat snake. If I had really considered it, catalpa trees were introduced this far and north and no likely to be found on the towpath. I stood an observed the snake for several minutes, taking pictures and speculating where it would go. When it finally made a move toward the canal, I left it, thinking that I had seen something new on the trail today.

But a half a mile farther, a deer and I startled each other. Typically, deer are skittish and prone to run at the drop of a hat. I fumbled with my camera half-heartedly, I have lots of deer pictures, but this deer did not seem particularly upset or startled that I was near. Being comfortable around humans was probably not behavior that would engender a long life for a deer. Then, to my surprise, the doe squatted and urinated about twenty-five yards from me. She really was comfortable sharing the towpath with me.


Moving from Williamsport, to the further reaches of the towpath, the travel time to new sections of the canal increases substantially. Angie kindly offered to drop me at one point and pick me up at another so that I could avoid some backtracking. Yet, Angie may have been motivated by other things as well. The following weekend, after my previous walk, I took her to Hancock to have lunch at Buddy Lou’s. She ordered the lobster roll but took a bite of my tuna sandwich and was instantly enamored. I think it no coincidence that the following week she offered to drive me to the towpath, explore Hancock and pick me up, and then, “Maybe we could have lunch at that place.”

Lock House at Lock 56
We drove to west from Hancock on I-68 to an exit for US40 Scenic, which my GPS system pronounced as “US40 cynic.” A winding backroad led us to the village of Woodmont, past abandoned school buses, to a parking lot for the Western Maryland Rail Trail. We walked about three quarters of a mile to Sideling Hill Creek on the rail trail, and then a short way back to a campground where a small path led to the canal near Lock 56. We saw a man near the path doing some maintenance work. Angie left to go to the library in Hancock, and I walk seven miles, in near isolation.

It was an overcast morning, and it had recently rained. It was humid, and the trees on this section of the towpath had a thick canopy, making for a dark and gloomy walk. Initially, the path ran parallel not only with the Potomac but also with Pearre Road and the Western Maryland Rail Trail as well. The rail trail, which is asphalt, attracts far more cyclists than the more rugged towpath here. Consequently, the grass grows high on the towpath. 

Green Heron
I walked for five miles without seeing another human being; the roughly ten deer and a green heron were my only visible companions. Unseen animals, no doubt sensed my presence. I heard a pileated woodpecker, first pounding on a hollow tree and then calling as it flew away probably as it detected me. But I know many more animals go undetected. They remain an unknown to me, something that I do not experience. For the final two miles of the walk I had no service on my mobile phone. As I move deeper into the remote parts of Western Maryland this becomes more common. For the most part, I do not find it a problem; unless if there is no emergency, I suppose. I told Angie that I would send a message when I was two miles from the pickup point. Apparently, a message did eventually get through because she was there just in time to pick me up. When I did meet her, she asks if it is creepy to walk in the woods, all alone. As a woman, she senses her own vulnerability in a situation like this. I realize this is one of the privileges of being male, I think about my safety in these terms far less. I love the isolation, but in a world of constant surveillance we have become inured from constantly being observed. In “the Adventure of the Copper Beeches,” Sherlock Holmes explains that he thinks the country is more dangerous than the city because there are thousands of prying eyes to watch for evil in the city. While in the country, evil can occur with impunity. It is different from how most of us see the world today; however, when one is walking alone it is easier to see Holmes’s (or Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s) perspective.
Deer about two miles upstream from Cohill Station

Tiger lilies 

Eastern Tiger Swallowtail 


Bridge across Cacapon River on the West Virginia side











Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Lancaster, PA


Lancaster Central Market



Fulton Opera House – 12 North Prince Street
Built in 1852, the Fulton is the oldest continuously operating theater in the United States.


Record Store






Friday, July 5, 2019

Train Tunnels and Hemlocks


The mountainous roads of Central Pennsylvania can seem treacherous and can elicit white knuckles from passengers unaccustomed to traversing these rural highways. These essential roads that link opposite sides of the mountains are steep and curvy. Driving on PA234 in remote Perry County, trying to make our way to Fowlers Hollow State Park, we saw a brown wooden sign that pointed out directions to the “RR Tunnel,” without any further explanation. Of course, it was an invitation to investigation. We turned off onto an unpaved road named Hemlock Road, not knowing that we would later explore it more thoroughly.
The train tunnel in Big Spring State Park 
We parked the car in a small lot and braved the heat and an onslaught of insects traversing what promised to be a one-mile roundtrip to the location of an unfinished railroad tunnel. The proposed tunnel was meant to carry lumber to the other side of Conococheague Mountain. Started by the Newport and Shermans Valley Railroad, which operated in Perry County between 1890 and 1935, the uncompleted tunnel was abandoned presumably because of its unfeasibility. Later, the rail lines were used to ferry passengers to picnics in the early twentieth century. 

The former bed of the railroad tracks
The path and picnic areas, as well as some of the surrounding forest, constitutes the Big Spring State Forest Picnic Area today. With the work of the Civilian Conservation Corp, the state park was opened in 1936. We walked a human-built ridge that was once held a narrow-gauge railroad track to help remove timber to supply local industries, including a tannery and axe-handle maker. The humidity, along with temperatures in the mid-80s, make the walk less appealing than one would have thought. But standing at the opening of tunnel, with the cooler ambient temperature of the air pouring out of the tunnel, was refreshing. We decided that a visit to the tunnel in the autumn would be a much more enjoyable experience. 

Remaining trees in the Hemlock Natural Area
Later, after a brief visit to Fowlers Hollow State Park, we happened upon the opposite end of Hemlock Road. It intersected with another unpaved road near the park. Hemlock Road is approximately nine miles long, and for a while navigates the ridge of the mountain before sweeping down into valleys and hollows of the state forest. About halfway between its two terminuses, we stopped to admire Hemlock Natural Area, a 120-acre stand of virgin Hemlock trees. Unfortunately, most of the trees are dead or dying from an infestation of Hemlock woolly adelgid, a small insect that feeds on the sap of the trees. It was introduced from East Asia to the western United States in the 1920s. By the early 1970s, Pennsylvania had become severely affected and has the potential to destroy most of the local Hemlock trees within a decade. 


Monday, June 10, 2019

Plaça de la Vila de Gràcia, 6PM, Tuesday evening


It is a simple square with a 19th-century tower dominating the center in a nice neighborhood in Barcelona, surrounded by four and five-story buildings. Catalonian flags and banners hang from several windows. The sky is crystal clear; the trees are iridescent green. About a dozen oranges almost glow in the setting sun on a puny tree that is growing next to building 38. It is warm, but not hot. Can one imagine a more perfect evening?
My colleagues send me a message apologizing for being late, but I am content to sit and watch people. When we travel people become a blur. Sometimes we do not consider that there are residents of the places we visit. If you want to know if people are people, then sit here for a few minutes, or several, and observe.
Plaça de la Vila de Gràcia, Barcelona
Three cafés set up tables around the edges of the square, where people are enjoying a drink, conversation, and music provided by a steel drum and guitar duo. Included in their repertoire are standards such as “Yesterday” and “All of Me.” No one is actively listening to the duo, but it provides ambience to the evening.
If adults occupy the cafés and edges of the square, then children dominate the center. A group of boys earnestly engage in a frenetic game of football (soccer), using the door of the tower, damage in the revolt of 1870, as a makeshift goal. The pitch seems to be the entire square and occasionally extends into the tables and benches that line the plaça. Despite the conquest of square by children, adults are there as well. A father and grandfather teach a young brother and sister how to ride a skateboard, with each adult taking a turn in demonstration. Suddenly, an American football appears across the way from me. A woman has brought it to entertain those too young to engage in the soccer game.
There is a nationalist battle between the Spanish and Catalan languages in Barcelona, but the predominant language on t-shirts here is English. One boy has a NYPD shirt, which seems out of place because there is not a police officer in sight, and no need for any their services. A little girl has an aqua blue shirt with sea turtles, imprinted with the words, “Explore the Ocean.” A middle age man with shorts and sunglasses is wearing a shirt that suggest to the reader, “Go Surfing.” Where, I wonder, are the shirts in the local languages?
Some adults cross the square without fear. Old women with canes navigate the games and people seemingly impervious or oblivious to the hectic feel of the evening. Unconsciously, the soccer ball steers clear of the elderly women. Others are crossing the square evidentially coming home from work. I like to think that they traverse the plaça to see what is happening in the neighborhood or to be seen. Perhaps not, but I am willing to bet that I observed several people take a quick scan to see if friends or family might be there.
I share the bench with a woman sitting at the opposite far end reading a literary magazine, although she is occasionally distracted from her endeavor. During my repose, we have several who occupy the middle space between us: two older women eating ice cream, a young mother catching up with a friend, and a man stopping to check the messages on his phone. It is a joyful evening, not a holiday and not the beginning of a weekend. It is not planned and is very public. It is not a gathering of friends, but the gathering of a community. I wonder to myself, were this plaça outside my house or apartment would I be the participant-observer I am now? Would I take the time to sit and observe? Would I read my book or newspaper outside?

Sunday, June 9, 2019

Sleeping


Transoceanic travel inevitably plays havoc with one’s internal clock. George Orwell noted that severe fatigue has a terrible effect on our manners, which probably helps to explain, at least in part, the behavior of many travelers. These long flights, which disorients the senses, causes abrupt changes in our natural rhythms can take days to work themselves out. Our sleep patterns, no matter how odd, are disrupted.
The standard advice for those traveling from North America to Europe is, upon arrival, to stay awake as long as possible, go to bed as near as your normal bedtime, and awake as close to possible to your regular time the next morning. It is good advice. Nevertheless, inevitably, I wake up early in the morning. I do not understand, after thirty hours without any substantial sleep and a day of vigorous walking, what prompts me to wake at 4am (10pm in the United States)?
As I laid in bed, desperately trying to relax and get some more rest, I started thinking about an article I had read a couple of years ago about peoples’ sleep habits in preindustrial times. [1] It is difficult to imagine a preindustrial lifestyle, one that is not governed by a clock and without the social demands of punctuality and promptness. It appears that people, prior to the demands of a clock, would regularly have a “first sleep,” then wake-up and do some activities, then have a “second sleep.” The goal and expectation of eight hours of sleep, at a single stretch, is one that haunts many people in the modern world.
While walking through the Gracía neighborhood in Barcelona, I overheard a British couple discussing the number of shops that were closed. The man explained that most shops and restaurants close after lunch, during what is traditional known as the siesta. The practice continues today, with businesses closing in the late afternoon when it was hot and business slow to, theoretically, take a nap and reopening later. This, in part, the tradition of eating later and remaining out late into the night. Alas, the woman wanted to shop in the late afternoon and her husband thought the tradition antiquated. It is a remnant of preindustrial habits. What they little realized was that they were imposing their cultural values onto the shopkeepers and people of Barcelona.


[1] A. Roger Ekirch, “Sleep We Have Lost: Pre-industrial Slumber in the British Isles,” American Historical Review 106(2): 343-386 (April 2001).


Wednesday, June 5, 2019

Election Day in Belgium

I accompanied my friends to the polling station on Election Day, where elections were being contested at the regional, national and European levels. Voting is compulsory in Belgium; failure to present yourself at the polls elicits a modest fine. Voting is considered one of the obligations of a citizen living in a democratic society. Of course, the government cannot make you cast a vote. A person could simply leave the ballot blank, or even spoil it. In such case, the voter will have fulfilled his or her civic duty. 
Over breakfast before going to the polls, L expressed his frustration at what he saw was increasing belief that the relationship between the people and the government was one of all rights, without obligations on the part of citizens. Thus, very few people were interested in performing the duties, services and niceties that make a democratic society work. But people demanded more rights without consideration of its effects upon others. He worried that this trend toward, what I would call individualism or narcissism was eroding the democratic nature of Belgium.
The Language Border in Belgium
Meanwhile, G was concerned about the future of her village, one where she grew up and lived most of her life. She opined that the village was not the same place as when she grew up. The influx of Francophones had substantially changed the village. In Belgium, Flanders is Flemish-speaking, Wallonia French-speaking, and the city of Brussels is officially bilingual, however historically dominated by Francophones. Brussels is completely encircled by Flanders, with a thin strip of land that separates the city from Wallonia. L and G’s house, located in Flanders, just south of Brussels. is situated less than a quarter of a mile from the language frontier, the official divide between Flemish and French speakers. Francophone Belgian citizens who have moved to the Flemish villages that encircle the capital, have established their own organizations and social networks, demanding more services be provided to the citizens in French. G worries that this is diminishing the Flemish language. Because the new people have a limited knowledge of Dutch, it did not allow anyone to know and use the complexity and beauty of the language. 
Political Protest in Flanders
As we arrived at the Catholic school a that served as the polling station, friends and neighbors greeted one another with handshakes and cheek-to-cheek air kisses. Because everyone is compelled to appear at the polls, on a Sunday between 8am and 2pm, there is a good chance that people will see several people they will know. Whether people like it or not, compulsory voting is an opportunity to visit and connect to the community. Walking to the poll, L points out a restaurant and caterer in center of the village, one that has its services listed in Flemish and French. Someone has used black paint in an attempt to mask the French words.  Although the language issue is often discussed, it is one of the few instances of political protest I have seen in the years I have been coming to Belgium and Flanders.
Given the number of political parties, the ballot is large. Sample ballots line the walls. A bulletin board that separates the line from the voting area. On it is posted the relevant statutes regarding election. Hanging from a long piece of twine is a 300-page booklet, in both French and Dutch, enumerating the rules and procedures of elections used, presumably, in case of a dispute. Despite the hundreds of people queuing to vote, I am the only person who casually wonder over to thumb through it. 
After voting, L and G had another task: G’s brother and wife were on holiday in Greece. In what is a complete anathema to Americans, they would L and G would go to vote in their place. We walked over to another of the village’s polling place, this time in a primary school where G once taught, my friends produced a letter from the mayor and an affidavit signed by the principles and cast ballots on their relative’s behalf. At once it seemed opened to malfeasance and fraud, but in light of the mandate of compulsory voting, it makes complete sense.

The entire process was one in which the act of voting was not merely a right that once could exercise, it was a duty that citizens were expected to perform. From my perspective it promoted a sense of community. Each and every person, often with children in tow, were expected to present themselves to express their ideas and opinion on government. No one is left out; no one excluded. A chance for the people to make their voices heard. 


Monday, June 3, 2019

Paris and Orwell


There are so many restaurants and cafes in Paris. I know people who read various magazines and guides to deduce the best places to eat and drink while staying in the City of Lights, and I have benefited often from their research. Inevitably, the highly rated establishment are chock full of tourists clamoring to try the best of Parisian culinary cuisine. But for me, I am struck by the sheer volume of cafes, restaurants, and bars in the city. There are so many that how they manage to be viable is mysterious. Each arrondissement has its own set of little places, often wedged into a confined place, or hidden down a winding passage. Some cafes are more expensive than others, but each offers a different experience.
It is difficult to walk through Paris and not think about George Orwell’s Down and Out in Paris and London. His description of Paris of the 1920s not only give us an insight to the Paris that he found fascinating, but also about crushing poverty and deprivation. Intermixed with the fascinating stories of individuals and circumstances, the book explains why poverty and deprivation rob people of the identification and dignity.
A late spring evening in Paris
At first, this seems to set up a depressing narrative, and to be sure, there are depressing and horrifying incidents recounted in the book. Yet, Orwell’s account of a local cafe on a Saturday evening, when people gather for friendship and fun, continues to be repeated across the city today. The cafes in the 11th Arrondissement are a place of conversation and conviviality. Of course, there is overindulgence by some, but it is generally good natured.
Many people in developed parts of the world today will have started their working careers in the service sector, as a server, bartender, or kitchen help often. Orwell survived in Paris as working as a plongeur (dishwasher) in a famous hotel that catered to American tourists. Later, he moved to a newly opened restaurant that attracted a certain clientele. The key to a successful Parisian restaurant, according to Orwell, was “very sharp table knives” to easily cut through tough meat and give the illusion that the meat was high quality. He noted that understanding this destroyed his illusion that the French were appreciative of great food. Yet, today, Paris and France are generally known for the perpetuation of an excellent cuisine. I sometimes wonder if the excitement of travel, our belief that the food must be good, that we become inattentive to the actual quality. 
The narrator takes up with the Irishman Paddy when he makes his way to London. Paddy habitually scans the sidewalks for discarded cigarette butts with trace amounts of tobacco. He gathers tobacco together to fashion his own cigarettes for consumption. Orwell often laments the lack of tobacco in his life when he is desperately poor. Smoking, while still common in Europe, has declined dramatically since the 1920s. Yet, while walking early one morning on Rue du Faubourg du Temple, I observed a similar practice. It was very early in the morning of Ascension Thursday, a national holiday in many European countries. Morning revelers continued their party at half past eight in the morning; I watched a group of young people order another round of beers at an hour when most people would normally be fight traffic on the way to work. An older man was scanning window ledges and posts for discarded cups to see if any had any remaining beer. He would pick up the discarded beer, and after a brief inspection, would marry the newly discovered cup with his own. He celebrated by taking a bug swig of the newly created concoction for himself.
Towards the end of his stay in Paris, the narrator was working so many hours, and was so broke, that he slept on a park bench rather than spending money on a Metro ticket and facing his landlord without his rent. While we think that life has gotten better, societies are still confronted with the reality of poverty and mental health remain problems today. During my walk in the Place de la République and surrounding area one morning, I saw a person sleeping on a bench, their sleeping bag completely concealing their body and using a canvas grocery tote as a pillow. I thought of Orwell doing the same, perhaps just a few kilometers away, some ninety years ago.

Sunday, June 2, 2019

Cultural Differences


I am constantly reminded while traveling about the cultural differences between Americans and Europeans. For instance, while riding on a subway (metro), Americans tend to be very loud and boisterous. Their conversations can be heard by many. The more Americans there are in the car, the louder it is. By contrast, with the exception of adolescences and the inebriated, Europeans tend to have quiet conversations, speaking to each other in muted tones. The cars tend to be quiet.
A similar behavior is when riding a bus or metro, American will often put their feet in adjoining seats, stretching out the legs, taking up more than one seat. These people are also sending a signal of ownership and signaling a disinclination to share adjacent seats with strangers. I have seen bus drivers stop, walk to the back of the bus and chastise young American women for putting their dirty feet where soon someone else will be sitting. I conjure the image of prim and proper Irish women riding the bus after we have departed. One driver, as he walked away, muttered that he worked hard to keep his bus clean.
The unfair aspect of this description is that there could be, and probably are, many Americans who adopt a similar habits and attitude to their European counterparts. But because they are quiet, they are not immediately recognized. The loud Americans are recognized, the quiet ones are not. Nevertheless, my observation has given rise to a pet theory: In general, Europeans tend to share public space, while Americans try to own it.
[As I was sketching this thought out in my notebook in a sedate hotel breakfast room on a Sunday morning, I an everyone else heard an American woman say: “I am generous to a fault!” It fit all the stereotypes that many will have of Americans.]

Friday, May 31, 2019

Cats in Athens

Funeral Monument (Circa 430-420 BC)

In the National Archeological Museum in Athens, a particularly moving display examines the private funerary monuments of the first decade of the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC). Many of the monuments created for children depict the child accompanied by their toys or dogs. Often the child will hold an object aloft and the dog will be jumping after it. In several other monuments, the dead are depicted shaking hands with their friends and relatives. One that I found particularly moving was of a young man, mourned by his young attendant and his cat. Unfortunately, the sculpture of the cat is damaged. The inclusion of animals on peoples’ funeral monuments is a reminder of the importance of pets to humans, whether today or two and a half millennia ago.
A friendly resident of Athens I met near the Acropolis
Walking around central Athens, what one could classify as “homeless” cats lounge and rely on humans for food and affection. They roam the backstreets and avenues drinking from dishes left by their human neighbors. Several cats are amenable to a quick scratch behind their ears and reciprocate by nuzzling humans’ hands. It is nice to think that the cats’ ancestors and the human who lived here 2,500 years ago knew one another and offered each other support and affection.


Saturday, May 4, 2019

Reading on Mud Level


Fulfilling my nearly quotidian trip to the CVRT, I drove past the school for Plain Children on Mud Level Road. Seven children, sitting on a two-by-four railing that marked the boundary between the parking lot and the playground, had their heads dutifully bent reading books while sitting in the sun. Each child was dressed in overalls and/or the floral patterns of homemade clothes that I associate with Mennonite women. Small uniformed gaps divided each child from his/her companion. Driving past at 35-miles-per-hour, I caught only a fleeting glance. But there were no distractions; just the pleasure of reading in the sun on a spring day.